论回旋电子与涡旋电磁波量子：涡旋电子波包

王哲远; 张超

doi:10.12263/DZXB.20220755

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论回旋电子与涡旋电磁波量子：涡旋电子波包

学术论文 | 更新时间：2025-12-11

- 论回旋电子与涡旋电磁波量子：涡旋电子波包
- The Vortex Electron and Radiated Vortex Photon of Electromagnetic Wave: Vortex Electron Wave Packet
- 电子学报 2024年52卷第2期页码：414-420
- 作者机构：
  
  清华大学航天航空学院航空宇航电子系统实验室，北京 100084
- 作者简介：
  
  [ "王哲远男，1995年生，山西临汾人.清华大学航天航空学院在读博士生.研究方向为电磁波轨道角动量传输与探测，涡旋微波量子." ]
  [ "张超男，1978年生，陕西城固人.清华大学航天航空学院教授、博士生导师.2005年获清华大学工学博士学位，2006年获日本国家信息学研究所（NII）信息学博士学位.IET会士（IET Fellow）、IEEE高级会员、IEICE高级会员.主要研究方向为涡旋电磁波轨道角动量传输与探测、涡旋微波量子、航空宇航电子系统. E-mail: zhangchao@tsinghua.edu.cn" ]
- 基金信息：
  
  国家自然科学基金(61731011)
- DOI：10.12263/DZXB.20220755
  中图分类号： TN91;O562
- 收稿：2022-06-28，
  
  修回：2023-01-01，
  
  纸质出版：2024-02-25
- 稿件说明：
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王哲远,张超.论回旋电子与涡旋电磁波量子：涡旋电子波包[J].电子学报,2024,52(02):414-420.

WANG Zhe-yuan, ZHANG Chao.The Vortex Electron and Radiated Vortex Photon of Electromagnetic Wave: Vortex Electron Wave Packet[J].Acta Electronica Sinica, 2024, 52(02): 414-420.
王哲远,张超.论回旋电子与涡旋电磁波量子：涡旋电子波包[J].电子学报,2024,52(02):414-420. DOI：10.12263/DZXB.20220755

WANG Zhe-yuan, ZHANG Chao.The Vortex Electron and Radiated Vortex Photon of Electromagnetic Wave: Vortex Electron Wave Packet[J].Acta Electronica Sinica, 2024, 52(02): 414-420. DOI：10.12263/DZXB.20220755

摘要

回旋电子辐射涡旋电磁波量子的理论模型是量子态涡旋电磁波技术的关键.本文是“论回旋电子与涡旋电磁波量子”系列论文的第一部分，建立了“涡旋电子波包”相关理论模型.能级跃迁辐射是涡旋电子最自然的辐射之一.为了给出单个涡旋电子回旋辐射产生涡旋电磁波量子机理，本文根据磁场中电子的守恒量推导了恒定磁场中涡旋电子波函数，对相对论电子波包的运动情况做出分析，并通过求解狄拉克方程解释了自旋角动量和轨道角动量在本质上不可分割的情况.另外，在求解过程中根据相对论能量本征方程得到回旋电子在磁场中的横向能级分布，即朗道能级，并仿真得到电子具有确切轨道角动量数时的朗道能级形状.

Abstract

The theoretical model of cyclotron electrons to radiate vortex microwave photons is crucial for the technology of quantum state vortex electromagnetic wave. This paper is the first part of “The Vortex Electron and Vortex Microwave Photon”

which establishes the theoretical model related to the “Vortex Electron Wave Packet”. To be specific

the radiation of energy level transition is one of the natural radiations of a vortex electron. Aiming to analyze the principle of OAM vortex microwave photons generated by single vortex electron cyclotron radiation

this paper derives the vortex electron wave function according to the conserved quantity of electrons in a constant magnetic field and analyzes the motion of the relativistic electron wave packet. This paper then explains the case where the spin angular momentum and orbital angular momentum are inseparable by solving the Dirac equation. In addition

the Landau levels of the transverse energy distribution of the cyclotron in the magnetic field are obtained in the solution process according to the relativistic energy eigenequation. Finally

This paper simulates the shape of the Landau energy level when the electron has the exact mode of the orbital angular momentum.

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